防爆溫度傳感器是開發，應用廣的一類傳感器。溫度傳感器的市場份額大大超過了其他的傳感器。從17世紀初人們開始利用溫度進行測量。在半導體技術的支持下，本世紀相繼開發了半導體熱電偶傳感器、PN結溫度傳感器和集成溫度傳感器。
兩種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)質(zhi)的(de)導體，如(ru)在某點互(hu)相(xiang)連接在一起，對這(zhe)(zhe)個連接點加(jia)熱(re)，在它們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)熱(re)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)就會出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)差(cha)。這(zhe)(zhe)個電(dian)位(wei)(wei)差(cha)的(de)數值與不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)熱(re)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)測量點的(de)溫度有(you)關(guan)，和(he)這(zhe)(zhe)兩種導體的(de)材(cai)質(zhi)有(you)關(guan)。這(zhe)(zhe)種現(xian)象可以(yi)在很寬的(de)溫度范(fan)圍內(nei)出(chu)現(xian)，如(ru)果精確(que)(que)測量這(zhe)(zhe)個電(dian)位(wei)(wei)差(cha)，再測出(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)熱(re)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)的(de)環境溫度，就可以(yi)準(zhun)確(que)(que)知(zhi)道加(jia)熱(re)點的(de)溫度。由于它必須有(you)兩種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)質(zhi)的(de)導體，所以(yi)稱之為“熱(re)電(dian)偶”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)質(zhi)做出(chu)的(de)熱(re)電(dian)偶使用于不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)溫度范(fan)圍，它們的(de)靈(ling)敏度也(ye)各不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。熱(re)電(dian)偶的(de)靈(ling)敏度是指(zhi)加(jia)熱(re)點溫度變化(hua)1℃時，輸出(chu)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)差(cha)的(de)變化(hua)量。對于大多數金屬材(cai)料(liao)支(zhi)撐的(de)熱(re)電(dian)偶而言，這(zhe)(zhe)個數值大約在5～40微伏(fu)／℃之間。
熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)傳感器(qi)有(you)自己的(de)優點和缺陷，它靈敏度(du)比較低，容(rong)易受(shou)到環境干擾信號的(de)影響，也容(rong)易受(shou)到前置(zhi)放(fang)大器(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)漂(piao)移的(de)影響，因此不適合測量微小的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)變(bian)化。由于熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感器(qi)的(de)靈敏度(du)與材料的(de)粗細(xi)(xi)無關，用(yong)非常細(xi)(xi)的(de)材料也能夠(gou)做成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感器(qi)。也由于制作熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)的(de)金屬材料具有(you)很好的(de)延展性，這(zhe)種細(xi)(xi)微的(de)測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)元件有(you)極高的(de)響應速度(du)，可(ke)以測量快速變(bian)化的(de)過程。
溫(wen)度傳感(gan)器(qi)是(shi)五花八門的各種傳感(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)為(wei)常(chang)用(yong)的一種，現代的溫(wen)度傳感(gan)器(qi)外(wai)形非常(chang)得小，這樣更加讓它(ta)廣泛應用(yong)在生產實踐(jian)的各個領域(yu)中(zhong)，也(ye)為(wei)我們的生活提(ti)供了無(wu)數的便利(li)和功能。
溫(wen)度傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器有四種主要(yao)類型：熱電(dian)偶、熱敏電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)度檢測器（RTD）和(he)(he)IC溫(wen)度傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器。IC溫(wen)度傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器又包括模擬輸出和(he)(he)數字輸出兩種類型。
接(jie)觸式溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)部(bu)分與被測(ce)(ce)對象有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸，又稱溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通過傳(chuan)導或對流達(da)到熱(re)平衡，從(cong)而使溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)示值能直(zhi)接(jie)表(biao)示被測(ce)(ce)對象的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。一(yi)般測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)范圍內，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也可測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)物體內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分布。但對于(yu)(yu)運動體、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)目標(biao)或熱(re)容量(liang)(liang)很小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)對象則會產生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)雙(shuang)金屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、玻璃液體溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、壓(ya)力式溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)偶等(deng)。它們廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)工業、農(nong)業、商業等(deng)部(bu)門。在(zai)(zai)日(ri)常生(sheng)(sheng)活中人們也常常使用(yong)(yong)(yong)這些溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。隨著低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)國(guo)防(fang)工程、空間技(ji)術、冶金、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子、食品(pin)、醫藥和石油化(hua)工等(deng)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和超導技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)120K以(yi)下溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)得到了發展，如低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)氣體溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、蒸汽壓(ya)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、聲(sheng)學溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、順磁(ci)鹽溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、量(liang)(liang)子溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)偶等(deng)。低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要求感(gan)(gan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)元(yuan)件體積小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、準確度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、復現性和穩定(ding)性好。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多孔高(gao)(gao)(gao)硅氧玻璃滲碳燒(shao)結而成的(de)(de)(de)滲碳玻璃熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻就(jiu)是低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種感(gan)(gan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)元(yuan)件，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)1.6～300K范圍內的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。
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